Understanding Your Child's Profile
Plain-language overviews of common learning differences live in our Catalog of Learning Differences. Each entry leads with strengths — because your child is so much more than any diagnosis.
How to Read an IEP and a 504 Plan
An IEP (Individualized Education Program) is a legally binding plan for students who qualify for special education services under IDEA. A 504 Plan provides accommodations under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act for students whose disability substantially limits a major life activity but who do not need specialized instruction.
What every parent should look for
- Present Levels of Performance (PLOP): Does the description sound like your child today?
- Annual Goals: Are they measurable, ambitious, and meaningful?
- Specially Designed Instruction: Who delivers it, how often, and where?
- Accommodations vs. Modifications: Accommodations change how your child learns; modifications change what they learn.
- Service minutes & setting: Are services in the least restrictive environment?
- Progress reporting: How and how often will you hear about progress?
What Most Public Schools Owe Your Family
- A free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment.
- An evaluation in all areas of suspected disability — at no cost to you.
- Meaningful participation in every meeting; you are an equal member of the team.
- Prior written notice before significant changes to services or placement.
- Access to your child's complete educational records.
- Procedural safeguards and a clear dispute resolution path.
Becoming a Confident Advocate
- Document everything. Keep a binder (or folder) of evaluations, plans, and email threads.
- Put requests in writing. Email creates a timestamped paper trail.
- Lead with your child's strengths. Begin every meeting with what's working.
- Ask for data. "How will we know this is working?" is your most powerful question.
- Bring a partner. A second set of ears makes meetings clearer and calmer.
- Know your "yes" and your "not yet." You don't have to sign anything in the room.
Strategies That Travel Home
- Build predictable routines with visual anchors.
- Externalize executive function: timers, checklists, "launching pads" by the door.
- Read together — even with older kids — to model strategy.
- Name and celebrate effort and process, not just outcomes.
- Protect unstructured time. Creativity and self-regulation grow there.